Penafsiran terhadap satu Hadits atau ayat Al-Qur’an tidak boleh hanya dengan memaknai secara harfiyah, namun perlu mempertimbangkan konteks turunnya ayat tersebut atau asal mula muculnya Hadits dimaksud. Sebab, jika memaknai satu ayat atau Hadits dengan telanjang (tanpa bantuan ilmu lain), maka yang sering terjadi adalah penerapannya di masyarakat sangatlah kaku bahkan dapat menyesatkan.
Pemaknaan ayat dengan semata-mata berdasarkan teks, biasanya terjadi pada orang yang tanggung dalam belajar agama. Begitu ia mendapati ayat (terjemahan), lalu kemudian kenyataan di masyarakat dinilai tidak sesuai dengan isi ayat atau Hadits tersebut, maka masyarakat dianggap tidak patuh pada Al-Qur’an maupun Hadits, sihingga menuding orang lain pelaku bid’ah, bahkan kafir dan sebagainya.
Contoh: yang sudah sering terjadi adalah terkait dengan ayat seruan jihad. Jika tidak dibantu dengan pengetahuan ilmu tafsir dan ilmu yang terkait lainnya, maka jihad itu diartikan seruan untuk berperang secara fisik. Ini yang bahaya kalau diterapkan sekarang.
Tidak sedikit orang yang memaknai ayat Al-Qur’an dan Hadist dengan mengabaikan konteks turunnya waktu itu. Akibatnya, penerapannya kerap terjadi benturan dengan kebiasaan2 masyarakat. Jjika terjadi benturan, yang salah bukan kebiasaan masyarakat, apalagi ayat dan Haditsnya, namun yang menafsirkan ayat ataupun hadits itu sendiri. Sebab yang menafsirkan kurang paham dalam masalah ilmu agama terlebih2 ilmu yang berkaitan dengan Ulumut-tafsir.
Wallahu’alam Bisshowab.
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