Assalamu alaikum
Bagaimana hukumnya menjual organ mayat untuk kebutuhan operasi, dan bagaimana bagi sang pemakai organ tadi?
HARAM mendonorkan anggota badan kepada orang lain yang membutuhkannya. Namun menurut syeikh Wahbah Zuhaili (ulama kontemporer) : Boleh mendonorkan anggota tubuh bila untuk menghilangkan kebahayaan seperti untuk memperbaiki cacat atau untuk menghilangkan keburukan yang menyebabkan kesengsaraan atau petaka pada jiwa atau anggota badan seseorang.
Referensi :
- Al Majmu’ ,Jilid 9 Hal 45
- Hasyiyah Qolyubi Wa Umairoh , Jilid 16 Hal 185
- Qolyubi 1/128
- Al Fiqh Al Islami Wa Adillatuhu 8/512
Teks Ibarot :
- Al Majmu , Jilid 9/45 :
وليس للغير ان يقطع من اعضائه شيئا ليدفعه الى المضطر بلا خلاف صرح به امام الحرمين.
- Hasyiyah Qolyubi Wa Umairoh :
) ﻭﻳﺤﺮﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ( ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ) ﻟﻐﻴﺮﻩ ( ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻄﺮ ) ﻭ ( ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ) ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻡ ( ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻄﺮ
) ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ( ، ﺩﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻛﺄﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻡ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻐﻴﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪﻟﻠﻤﻀﻄﺮ .ﻗﻮﻟﻪ : ) ﻭﻳﺤﺮﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ( ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺼﻮﻡ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ : ) ﻟﻐﻴﺮﻩ ( ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻧﺒﻴﺎ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ . ﻗﻮﻟﻪ : ) ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻡ ( ﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺪﺭﻳﻦ ﻵﺧﺮﻗﻮﻟﻪ : ) ﻭﻳﺤﺮﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ( ﺃﻱ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻡ
ﻗﻮﻟﻪ : ) ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻡ ( ﻷﻥ ﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﻛﻌﺼﻤﺔ ﻛﻠﻪ . ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺬﻳﺐ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ
- Al-Muhali 4/264 :
ويحرم قطعه أى بعض الإنسان من نفسه لغيره أى المضطر وقطعه من معصوم لنفسه المضطر والله أعلم
- Al Fiqh Al Islami Wa Adillatuhu :
ويحرم كما تقدم وصل الشعر بشعر آدمي آخر على الرجال والنساء_ولأنه يحرم الإنتفاع بشعر الإنسان وسائر أجزائه لكرامته.
- Qolyubi 1/208 :
ويحرم استعمال شيئ من أجزاء الأدمي ولو مهدرا كما مر
- Al Fiqh Al Islami Wa Adillatuhu 8/512 :
يجوز نقل العضو من مكان من جسم الإنسان إلى جسم الإنسان آخر من جسمه مع مراعاة التأكيد من أن النفع المتوقع من هذه العملية أرجح من الضرر المترتب عليها ويشرط أن يكون ذلك لإيجاد عضو مفقود أو لإعادة شكله أو وظيفته المعهودة له أو لإصلاح عيب أو إزالة دمامة تسبب للشخص أذى نفسيا أو عضويا.
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