Tagtim.ID – Beberapa #pararabu bertanya: apakah Allah itu ghaib? Untuk menjawabnya, kita harus memilah terlebih dahulu definisi ghaib menurut fan (mata pelajaran) masing-masing. Setidaknya ada 3 definisi yang berbeda terkait ghaib, tergantung yang mengistilahkan. Ketiganya itu meliputi, akidah (ilmu kalam), ilmu al-Quran (bahasa al-Quran) dan bahasa Indonesia.
Daftar Isi
Istilah al-Ghaibiyat (الغيبيات) dalam ilmu kalam (akidah/filsafat Islam)
Dalam akidah, ada tiga bab besar: ilahiyat (ketuhanan), nubuwat (kenabian), dan sam’iyat (informasi). Termasuk dalam bab sam’iyat ialah ghaibiyat dan kauniyat. Al-Ghaibiyat sendiri memiliki definisi:
كل ما لاسبيل الى الايمان به الا عن طريق الخبر اليقيني
“Setiap sesuatu yang tidak bisa menemukan cara untuk mengimaninya kecuali menggunakan informasi yang terpercaya.”
Untuk memahaminya, kita harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu sumber pengetahuan/keimanan yang berlaku dalam ilmu kalam. Pengetahuan/keimanan memiliki tiga jalur:
- Akal
- Indra
- Informasi
Kita bisa mengetahui warna, tentu melalui jalur indrawi. Berbeda dengan mengetahui bahwa bilangan dua itu lebih besar daripada satu. Itu tentunya menggunakan akal. Begitu pula mengetahui kisah-kisah zaman dahulu, kita hanya bisa mengetahui melalui informasi, tidak bisa dengan indra begitu pula dengan akal.
Bagaimana dengan al-ghaibiyat? Sesuai dengan definisi yang ada dalam ilmu kalam adalah sesuatu yang hanya bisa kita ketahui/imani melalui jalur informasi.
Dengan begitu, menjawab pertanyaan apakah Allah itu ghaib? Jawaban menurut ilmu kalam, mengimani Allah tidak tergolong al-ghaibiyat. Karena mengimani Allah, bisa melalui akal, sedangkan perkara ghaib dalam ilmu kalam ialah sesuatu yang ‘hanya’ kita dapatkan melalui informasi.
Melalui definisi tersebut, tiga bab di awal (ilahiyat, nubuwat dan kauniyat) tidak tergolong ke dalam ghaibiyat. Karena untuk mengetahui Allah, akal lebih banyak berperan ketimbang informasi. Begitu pula terkait kenabian. Syekh Dr. Muhammad Said Ramadhan al-Buthi, Kubral-Yaqiniyat al-Kauniyah (hlm. 301
Istilah Ghaib dalam al-Quran
Jika berbicara terkait ghaib dalam bahasa al-Quran, definisinya lebih luas lagi. Istilah ghaib dalam al-Quran adalah:
كل ما كان غائبا عن الحواس
“Segala sesuatu yang tidak terindra”
Menggunakan definisi tersebut, Syekh Dr. Muhammad Said Ramadhan al-Buthi menjelaskan dalam kitabnya Kubral-Yaqiniyat al-Kauniyah (hlm. 301):
Dengan definisi tersebut, termasuk perkara ghaib ialah iman terhadap keberadaan Allah dan iman kepada malaikat dan jin.Syekh Dr. Muhammad Said Ramadhan al-Buthi
Dari sana, jika #pararabu bertanya: apakah Allah itu ghaib? Menurut bahasa al-Quran, iya: Allah itu ghaib. Alasannya, karena tidak terindra. Ini tentunya juga menjawab pertanyaan mengapa kita harus beriman kepada yang ghaib? Karena yang dimaksud ghaib yang wajib kita imani ialah ghaib dalam istilah al-Quran. Bukan ilmu kalam.
Istilah Ghaib yang Lumrah di Indonesia
Ada tiga definisi terkait kata gaib dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI):
- Tidak kelihatan; tersembunyi; tidak nyata.
- Hilang; lenyap.
- Tidak diketahui sebab-sebabnya (halnya dan sebagainya).
Dari ketiga definisi tersebut, hanya satu yang layak kita sematkan kepada Allah, yaitu kata ghaib yang memiliki arti: tidak kelihatan. Selebihnya, tidak layak kita sematkan kepada Allah. Berikut makna gaib dalam KBBI yang tidak layak kita sematkan kepada Allah:
- Tersembunyi
- Tidak nyata.
- Hilang
- Lenyap.
- Tidak diketahui sebab-sebabnya (halnya dan sebagainya).
Itulah tadi, penjelasan terkait kata ghaib meninjau tiga aspek tadi. Semoga menjawab!
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